Emerging Avian Influenza: Threat to Human Health
Global Increase in Human Cases
Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses, particularly H5N6, have been causing ongoing concern due to their increasing prevalence and virulence. Since January 2003, there have been 863 confirmed human infections with avian influenza, with 90 cases attributed to H5N6 as of January 2024.
High Genetic Diversity and Mammalian Virulence
H5N6 viruses have exhibited high genetic diversity, raising concerns about their potential to adapt and infect mammals. In 2021, H5N6 viruses showed increased virulence in mammals, leading to heightened monitoring and precautions.
Spread and Transmission
The virus is primarily transmitted through contact with infected poultry or their products. Live poultry markets and backyard birds are known to contribute to the contamination and spread of the virus, highlighting the importance of biosecurity measures.
Public Health Implications
The increasing cases of human infection with H5N6 pose a significant public health risk. The high genetic diversity and virulence of these viruses underscore the need for continued surveillance, risk assessment, and preparedness measures to mitigate the potential for a pandemic.
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